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‘Expect a revolution in lighting’

Posted: Thursday, December 13, 2007 12:46 PM

MIAMI – My dad recently asked me, "What stories are you working on right now?"

"Well, one story is about LEDs . . ." I started to say.

"Oh! Light-emitting diodes!"

I smiled and looked at him sideways. "Yeeesss. How do you know about LEDs?"

He told me about some of the common uses he was aware of, including use in medical instrumentation, VCRs and traffic lights. Turns out, most of us have had exposure to LEDs whether we've been aware of them or not. 


NBC News/ Stephanie Himango
White LED lights illuminate the trees of New York City's Rockefeller Center.

LED lighting technology has seen significant advances this year, and has made dramatic inroads in the area of holiday lighting in particular. More advances are necessary – and are on the way – before LEDs are truly integrated for mainstream use, in the way we think about regular incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs.

LEDs are small, but their potential is big.

Not just holiday lights
According to the Department of Energy, lighting accounts for about one-fifth of the electricity we use as a nation annually. That is, holiday and general illumination lighting combined account for 21.5 percent of all electricity used in America each year.

LED technology presents potential cost-saving and energy-saving. Consider this: LED lights use roughly 90 percent less energy than incandescent lights.

Assistant Secretary of Energy Andy Karsner says with respect to LED holiday lights, "When you buy them once, you'll probably be buying them for the rest of your life. You won't have to replace them; they won't short out; they don't overheat; they'll last for 40 years or longer."

NBC News/ Stephanie Himango
LED globes light up Washington Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The city is a leader in incorporating LED technology into the city's infrastructure.

In fact, Karsner says that if each American household changed just their holiday lighting from regular incandescents to LED bulbs, the country would save at least $160 million collectively this year alone.

And that's just the beginning.

The Department of Energy forecasts that at today's electric rates we could save $10 billion annually if every American were to purchase LED lights instead of standard incandescents for regular at-home lighting.

It is conceivable.

VIDEO: Dreaming of a green Christmas

Karsner says they expect to see LED lights penetrate the marketplace well beyond holiday lights in the coming year. "We're seeing them not only in the automotive industry, in stoplights, in civic applications, but this year they'll be marked up with the Energy Star brand, and you'll see them appearing on store shelves to replace even incandescents and compact fluorescents."

The changes are significant, says Karsner, "We expect a revolution in lighting in this country…within 20 years."

See more about LED lights on NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams on Thursday evening.

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Comments

I remember how fascinated I was with LED watches back in the early '70s, in fact I ended up designing them for several major watch manufactures. Hopefully, the cost of LED lighting will come down as fast as it did in the digital watch business.
The problem with the LED lights is that they flicker.  A small percentage of people’s eyes respond fast enough to see this.  Unfortunately, I am one of these people.  While I like the deeper colors and the idea of saving energy, it is very difficult to look at these LED Christmas lights. To control brightness, most of the car LED tail lights also flicker.  It’s really annoying to follow one of these vehicles.  There are ways to prevent the flickering (LED stoplights don’t seem to flicker) but it adds to the cost. Hopefully the LED manufactures will find a way to easily solve this problem.
Four years ago, I cut my family electric bill from $90 monthly to about $12 by switching to compact flourescents for all lighting.  Our few other uses for electricity include computers, a microwave oven and refrigerator, and a washing machine and drier.  I figure that we could save about $72 a year by switching to LED lights when they become available.  For us, and for most other working-class families, lower prices on LEDs are the key to switching over.  Subsidies on compact flourescents enabled us to quit using wasteful incandescents.  We can go to LEDs when price and availability let us replace 30 lights for $72.  I hope this day comes soon.
LED and CF Lighting is, regrettably, one of those things where you need to spend money to make money.  And anyone that does not think this is fact needs to look at the roofs of newly minted police cars, ambulances, and fire trucks and just try to FIND a strobe light . . . they're all LED.  The reduction in alternator/generator power these lights allow, and thereby reductions in wire size and driving power, are significant, and Mayor Mike will see the savings from these arrays.

If the utility companies in this country had an ounce of common sense, they'd market LED and CF bulbs(and yes Virginia, even Christmas [dare I use the "C" word] tree lights) themselves and allow consumers an avenue to an at-least somewhat educated source instead of our D-I-Y centers where they think a watt is part of Abbott and Costello's Who's On First routine (and spelled the same way!!)
I just put our LED Christmas lights on the house for the third straight year.  They're somewhat dimmer than incandescents, but they have a distinctive color palette that really sets our house apart from the neighbors'.  So far, they're holding up great (although the bulbs aren't replaceable, a possible factor in long-term reliability).  We've recently discovered the somewhat bluer "daylight" CFs, too, which eliminate the sallow cast that CFs tend to give people and objects, so we're migrating them throughout the house.  Wanted:  CF (or LED) replacements for two-prong compact halogen sockets, and low-watt bulbs that will work on a dimmer.  Give us those, and we'll expunge tungsten (even our beloved Reveals) from the house.
Another area where LED technology is emerging is in LCD flatpanel backlighting, in lieu of CCFL tubes.  Not only do they save energy (typical LCD 50" TV uses about 300 watts, and much of that is the CCFL tubes) and last longer, they also can increase the image contrast ratio and the color "gamut" or range of displayable colors.  Although expensive at the moment, hopefully they will be widely used and cheap in a few years.
My one concern (knowing this economy with it's backwards priorities) is that the energy companies will try to block largescale producetion of LED's. After all, if LED's can drastically reduce consumption, then demand goes down and so do their profits.  Hopefully the demand for LED's outweighs the energy company's demand for outrageous profits.    
I'll second the caveat about filling the world with blinky annoying LED technologies. For Christmas lights, the simple way they are designed probably makes it unavoidable that they blink in response to the AC mains (60 Hz [yuk] or 120 Hz [better]), but there is NO excuse for all those cars with taillights that look to me just like the flashing lights on ambulances. It's DANGEROUS! The reason they blink is to modulate the brightness: they're SUPPOSED to look half-as-bright when they are on half-the-time, but the blink rate is several times too low! SOME have an adequate rate; why don't they ALL? CF lamps (in fact, ALL fluorescents) used to blink (120Hz: I can see it), but modern ones are beautifully, gloriously, wonderfully "smooth." LCD TVs are soooo much less stressful than CRT (or plasma). But I guess I live in a Dog's World; my demographic is not part of the design considerations. Maybe "Fast See-ers" should proclaim ourselves "disabled"?
It sounds great, but why is no one disclosing that the leader in LED technology is the owner of the media market that is leading with this story.  Conflict of Interest?????
Rodents chew through insulation on low voltage electrical devices such as LEDs - this is a major problem.  Also, what is the environmental impact to manufacture LEDs - like manufacturing solar cells?  I am not against LEDs, just pointing out almost nothing is 100% positive or negative (pun intended).
See also: Light Emitting Capacitor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_capacitor  
LED's may flicker but so do CFLs, which flicker at a rate that is more noticeable to a larger group of people. In an office setting the ballasts that power fluorescents lights effect computer equipment and I have heard, not seen any evidence to back this up, that the electomagnetic pulses created by the ballasts can stunt hair growth. Unlike fluorescents LEDs do not contain mercury and when dropped the do not shatter and release harmful vapors.  I for one im glad to see it, except on the police car in my review mirror.
LED flickering problems are all caused by poor application design.  Improvements in design don't necessarily cost more money, just a smarter engineer.  In all the reference designs that available from my company, flickering is addressed.  Some companies understand and apply,the solutions, for some reason others don't.
The promise is great.  Is it logical to assume that the near future will bring about household low-voltage wiring systems that will permit homeowner to install/change lighting to meet changing needs. Together with inexpensive, plug/play programmable RF relays, touch-pad controlls and indicator panels to show which remote lamps are burning, when the garage door is open, when a sump pump is operating, when the walk is iced or when the teen is on-line; or even when your old Cu/Al junctions are overheating.  I believe that power companies will promote and subsidize energy savings to avoid the enormous cost of adding production capacity.
Rodents also chew through 110 house wiring - I had a house burn down because of it (I also witnessed pieces of aluminum foil that were chewed up by rodents). Solution? Get rid of the rodents.
I have just SO "Had it" with the subtle critisim of the Lighting Industry!  Hailing advancements of compact fluorescents and now LED's with an "It's about time" attitude ignores the fact that the Lighting Industry was one of the first to adopt broad and exacting standards for commercial products
over 100 years ago that allowed lighting specifiers (yes, they were there back then) to use the products of various manufacturers and get identical results in both the short and long term.  The industry has a positive history of continuing to advance the art, science and value of illumination.  Compare this to the wailing of the Automobile manufactures who claim
they can't make gas milage better than it was 25 years ago and use unreasistic MPG testing proceedures to further hoodwink the public.  
Dear Thoughtful.  I always hear stories (but never hear specifics) about energy companies conspiring to kill new energy efficient technologies, like LEDs.  I have worked for an oil company for 28 years and I have never heard of my company or any other energy company doing such a thing.  We strive to save energy just like anyone else, and we have no problem with LEDs or any other technological advancement.  
LED lighting today is in a constant state of flux as it continues to evolve.  The life span of an LED is much longer than an Incandescent and some of the other lighting solutions out there, but reality must exist when looking at what "life" actually means.  In certain colors LEDs can last as long as 100,000 hours, but by 100,000 hours it is barely a pinpoint of light.  Most LED manufacturers tell you to figure on replacement at the LED half life (50%)...even so, an LED comparitively is still an improvement in life span, energy consumption and they put out a lot less heat.
As with any technology that is evolving we have to have patience, the technology will catch up with the need.
Unfortunately LED's, and Flourescents cannot be easily dimmed with out special dimmers, so the user has to rely specific power rating when purchasing the lamps. The way this is accomplished with LED's is by buying fixtures with multiple LED's, and cutting of power to some of them.
Isn't is convenient that NBC
is making a big deal about LED's since their parent company GE stands to profit big time from LED's.  
Get serious by taxing regular tungsten lamps. CFs have been on the market for 15 years and still we are not buying them. We have to reduce the amount of energy consumed. Or we will be building more power plants, importing more oil and adding to global warming.
I'm an electrical engineer so I find the issue of flicker rather like a simple nuisance, easily corrected- rather than an endemic problem that we're stuck with. Flickering in lights is caused by the power being applied in a non-steady way, such as using AC or poorly filtered rectified AC to operate the lights. LEDs respond quickly, so non-filtered rectified AC (a fluctuating DC voltage) applied to the lamp will cause a flicker at the frequency (rate of fluctuation) of the power being applied. Solutions include better filtering, using a higher switching frequency (where this can be controlled, like in multiplexed displays), and increasing the persistance (how long the light takes to decay away on removal of voltage) of the light emitter -among others. So, the flicker is an easily fixed phenomenon- fixed easily by proper design. Filter those power supplies!
I switched many household bulbs from incandecent to compact flourecent, replacing 60-100 watt bulbs with 18 watt flourecents.

i remember the days when the electric co. gave away coupons for incandecent bulbs, giving them away to sell more energy. 100 watts for each lamp.

i think these new technologies have the potential to lower energy consumption in homes and comercial applications as well.

I am very aware that half the electricity we use comes from coal fired power plants that reliece huge amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and mercury into our atmousphere.

I fully support investigating and investing in energy saving technologies; however, like "dpm san antonio", I think the conflict of interest between NBC News and it's parent company GE should be noted, not to take away anything from LED lights, but only to see how the man behind the curtain works. What else has NBC News been pimping at GE's behest?  
I welcome lEDs as another alternative form of lighting. I use CFLs now in my home, and LEDS for Xmas lights. However, I believe in market driven choices; I do not want to see our government legislte their use. They are not economically viable for low usage areas such as closets, ovens and refrigerators, so consumers should have a choice. Also, both CFds and LEDs create electonic noise that can dergrade sound quality in high-ensd audio equipment, necessuitating an expensive power supply filter. CFDs also do not work well in cold weather, though I think LEDs may not have this problem,.
"My one concern (knowing this economy with it's backwards priorities) is that the energy companies will try to block largescale producetion of LED's."

Good luck with that. Semiconductor companies have tons of money and I dont think the energy companies have alot of clout with them. They also are often run,at least in the US by people who are not very receptive to such tactics.
Some European railways use 16 2/3 Hz power in the catenaries and even the glowing filaments in standard lamps flicker. Rectifiers and capacitors in the right place will stop the flicker. It is likely that the LED Christmas light sets will run on Direct current, and eliminate the flicker. Someone could make a plug in filter for DC production as they are built into every desktop computer. The regular light sets will run on DC too, but most appliances will not. Almost all CFLs rectify the incomming AC and run the lamp at high frequency. I have run CFL lamps with a set of 9 volt radio batteries plugged together.
The only reason LEDs appear to flicker in certain applications is because the cheap-ass design of the appliance ( christamas lights ) are supplied with 60hz AC current without adequate regulation.
This 60hz "city-power" or "household socket power"
needs to be regulated by a powersupply unit that smooths out the 60 hertz AC pulses.
LEDs fed regulated DC ( direct current ) never flicker,  and the DC circuitry found in tail-lights of many vehicles actually produce a pulse frequency -on purpose, to increase visibility at a distance.
So, LEDs actually are flicker-free, except when the power supplied to them isnt steady.
Household incandescent bulbs wont flicker when supplied 60 hz power from a wall socket because the bulb itself doesnt stop producing light between cycles ( or pulses ) like LEDs will. the filament will stay lit between the pulses since the tungsten wire inside doesnt cool down between the 60hz cycles.
Wanted: warm color LEDs!  Is there such a thing!  Also, the solar lanterns we got for our yard are also cold appearing.  We took them out.
I think the idea is great, and I too notice the blinking on some cars with the LED's and am glad to know I'm not alone in that! I find it more tollerable than those irritating people who change the rear lights to have a clear white light for retina searing turn indicators though so given the choice I'd go LED.  I think it's great that LED's are getting out into the mainstream just as OLED's are starting to replace LCD's in other markets (http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm).  The applications for these technologies seems to just barely be scratching the surface, and energy conservation is a very important issue these days.  Maybe with the inroads made by these and other energy saving technologies we may be able to sustain society on greater and greater percentages of renewable energy to exhaustable (ie. if we use 10% renewable worldwide now but we can use 90% less energy worldwide through these types of advances, that 10% becomes pretty close to enough to sustain us)

Also, a question to "dpm san antonio". Is it Microsoft or NBC that you are saying poses the conflict of interest?  Is it a conflict of interest because they are feeding us misleading information either about themselves or the competition?  I could see it being self serving as an advertisement, but I was unaware of the link between either party and the LED manufacturing world on the whole.  Could you cite a reference to that please?
I just wish the LED Christmas lights and the regular house hold LED lights were easily available in the stores. Wallmart hears your chance to really help America.
LEDS are well and good BUT what about the glory of the night sky? Kids actually believe that the stars, mankind's inspiration for millenia, are just movie SFX. Light on the ground is good but light in the sky is not! This wasted energy should should be charging our EVs at night. It should not be wasted, doing no more than lighting the "bums" of birds?
This is in response to David Beebe, what company do you work for and what does your company design? hyperlink please? We are all curious to know more about alternatives. and would be glad to tout your company and find out what designs are available.
LEDs for general illumination are here now!  Costs will come down over time like any emerging technologies but new products like the new lamp assemblies from Nebula Lighting Systems now will replace 50W Halogen and 75W and 100W incandescent.
The DOE did testing of indoor and outdoor lighting fixtures.  The test are available from their web site.  http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/comm_testing.htm These tests also confirm that some companies are much farther ahead of others for LED efficiency and light output.
Great story? While we all focus on the potential benefits of LED lighting and reduced energy costs, I didn't see anywhere in this article or as part of the recent NBC evening news when this storyline was presented that NBC is owned by GE, one of the largest producers of LED lighting. I wonder if GE would publish the report that tracks the financial push that these commercials generate? I would have expected NBC to divulge the conflict of interest in how this story was presented.
these messages sound like people from GE giving out info.  oh thats right ...GE owns NBC....  I dont seem to see that anywhere in the article!!
I work as a security officer on the 3rd shift. I have tried using several types of flashlights using LED technology, but they just don't compare to to the lights using Krypton bulbs. Until the industry can come up with a suitable LED flashlight I will stay away from them.
I have to agree with the flicker problems.  I think there should be a standard on flicker.  Most people do not care but at the end of the day it is a serious issue.  I find myself having to shield my eyes from some of these lights or they give me a headache.  There are so many dangers for those who can see the flicker because it is a major distraction.  This goes for CF and DLP technologies as well.

LED needs to come out with a better white though.  The one issue with CF and LED have been the way they light rooms.  The light can be a little harsh.  CF has come a long way in improving the color experience.

Nobody has mentioned the best part about LED lighting, what's up having all those colors?  Nothing like decorating for every holiday, teenagers who want colored lighting, and other great uses such as garden/pool lighting.
I agree with Thoughtful from Denver, Here in Oregon when the state realized that people driving hybrid cars used less gas, (lower gas tax revenues) the government started talking about a milage tax.
In answer to "Thoughtful, Denver", utility companies make more money when overall demand is lower and more constant.  Why?  Because their baseline generating capacity (the generators that are on 24-hours a day) make electricity at lower cost than the peak generators (those that are on only when demand is the highest).

Therefore, regulated utility companies have an incentive to encourage their customers to use electricity more efficiently, and have done so for decades,
I would think they could include a small and variable 60cycle delays in each bulb so that a total array would look somewhat flicker-free... I am sure the electronic guys will figure that out.
Also the Power Companies want energy saving devices(contrare to some thinking).. as they do not want to build new and expensive and polluting power plants. They will make plenty of money with a growing population to soak up any energy saving, power decrease.
For all of you that have been trying to buy LED bulbs for your homes and businesses, we have been trying to reach you.  Please visit us at www.mountainhighdesigns.ca for more information.  We offer complete design services as well as DIY support and direct LED sales.  We can answer all of your questions and concerns about "flickering" LEDs.  Please remember with all consumer items, if they are cheap to buy, they are cheap to make, if you would like good quality you might have to spend a little more up front for big payoffs in the long run.
The flickering is 1st generation drivers. As bright light multi-LEDs bulbs become more common, you will find low cost drivers which use fast PWM (pulse control) to ensure that you do not see the flicker. It may be on 1/2  the time (50% duty cycle), but if the pulse rate is 1KHz or higher, you will not be able to see it.
The real problem with the 1st generation is only that the manufacturers are LED manufacturers, not electronics experts.
New fluorescent installations do not flicker because the manufacturers have moved from transformers and capacitor starters to electronic controls. CFLs contain all this in the bulb, so replacing an old one will stop the flicker. Shop and office light installations (long tubes) have the transformer/starter in the housing, so will not get better until someone replaces the whole unit (expensive).
I cannot drive behind any car with LED tail lights. The instant-on/instant-off combined with the high intensity is dangerous, especially at night.  It is harder to recover 'night vision' after getting blasted by the lights, and the lack of ramp-up like their incandescent counter-parts makes it tough to know if the braking was/is critical or not.  I've spoken with other people who, like me, get "LED spots".  

I agree with G Krasle about the blinking LEDs on the cars.  Arrgghhhh.  I can tell when someone's home computer monitor is set below a refresh rate of 85Hz, and let me tell you - it hurts!  :)

I like LED technology and what it can do for energy savings, but there are some important factors to consider  (aesthetics, harshness, intensity, flicker) before its too late.  Alas, the LED tidal wave is coming...
Strang did not know that dc flickered on cars!
Why don't you mention that these lights are made by GE which ownes NBC!!!  This and so many other "news" stories are nothing but ads for these lights!!!  You, Brian Williams and so many people associated with NBC should be ashamed!!!  Why do you always find it so hard to tell the truth?  
That's because most engineers don't know **** about esthetics. I'm sorry, I know I should be 'green' but I hate the light fluorescents make and I can not stand the flickering. Until the producers of these types of lights clean that up (no flickering and full-spectrum) I won't be using them.
perhaps someone can define a bit more precisely what consitutes 'Revolution' from 'Evolution'. Recalling elementary school some 50 yrs back, 20 years are not considered 'Revolution' by any stretch. Likewise the US administration needs a better definition of it's energy policy, if such exists, lipservice not withstanding
how good is LED for new home construction?  where available and how to select size for lumin issues?
thanks...


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